31 research outputs found
Do thermodynamically stable rigid solids exist?
Customarily, crystalline solids are defined to be {\em rigid} since they
resist changes of shape determined by their boundaries. However, rigid solids
cannot exist in the thermodynamic limit where boundaries become irrelevant.
Particles in the solid may rearrange to adjust to shape changes eliminating
stress without destroying crystalline order. Rigidity is therefore valid only
in the {\em metastable} state that emerges because these particle
rearrangements in response to a deformation, or strain, are associated with
slow collective processes. Here, we show that a thermodynamic collective
variable may be used to quantify particle rearrangements that occur as a solid
is deformed at zero strain rate. Advanced Monte Carlo simulation techniques are
then employed to obtain the equilibrium free energy as a function of this
variable. Our results lead to a new view on rigidity: While at zero strain a
rigid crystal coexists with one that responds to infinitesimal strain by
rearranging particles and expelling stress, at finite strain the rigid crystal
is metastable, associated with a free energy barrier that decreases with
increasing strain. The rigid phase becomes thermodynamically stable by
switching on an external field, which penalises particle rearrangements. This
produces a line of first-order phase transitions in the field - strain plane
that intersects the origin. Failure of a solid once strained beyond its elastic
limit is associated with kinetic decay processes of the metastable rigid
crystal deformed with a finite strain rate. These processes can be understood
in quantitative detail using our computed phase diagram as reference.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR QUALITY EVALUATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE STORE LOCATED IN THE SUPERMARKET UNDER UTOPIAN ENVIRONMENT
Customer satisfaction depends on the availability of different varieties of fruits and vegetables in a supermarket store as well as the quality of this supermarket store for fruits and vegetables. The store may contain different variety of fruits and vegetables in a utopian environment. Apart from this, there are several quality parameters of a fruits and vegetable store. The quality evaluation of fruits and vegetable stores located in a supermarket is a big challenge for managerial personnel. Here, a quality evaluation framework is proposed for the fruits and vegetable store. The committee of experts identifies and finalizes the quality evaluation parameters through a brainstorming session. Fuzzy AHP is used to calculate the weights of evaluation parameters. A fuzzy TOPSIS generally ranks for the alternative stores. An improved fuzzy TOPSIS, which is named fuzzy k-TOPSIS, is proposed here to evaluate the quality of fruits and vegetable stores located in a supermarket. The fuzzy k-TOPSIS will provide rank as well as classification of the alternatives. A numerical example is demonstrated for a better understanding of the proposed framework
Collapse and Revival Oscillation in Double Jaynes-Cummings Model
We develop a systematic method of solving two non-interacting Jaynes-Cummings
models by using the dressed state formalism in Hilbert space
. It is shown that such model, called Double
Jaynes-Cummings model (D-JCM), can be exactly solved if we take the initial
bare state as the linear superposition of two Bell states. The collapse and
revival oscillation, which is the standard trait of typical Jaynes-Cummings
model, can be recovered if we make measurement at each local sites. Some
consequence of the entanglement-induced dressing is discussed.Comment: 4 figures, 12 page